petrochemicals adventure

rishi777 · rishi777 on Fri Sep 18, 2009 2:08 am

The smallest unit of a substance, which still retains the characteristics of that substance, is called a molecule. Molecules can only be divided into atoms - which are different elements. For example, all molecules of water are identical and have the characteristics of water. Two atoms of hydrogen and an atom of oxygen (which made up the molecule) on their own have none of the characteristics of water.

Crude oils are mixtures of many different substances, often difficult to separate, from which various petroleum products are derived, such as: gasoline, kerosene propane, fuel oil, lubricating oil, wax, and asphalt. These substances are mainly compounds of only two elements: carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). They are called, therefore: hydrocarbons.

Refining crude oil involves two kinds of processes to produce the products so essential to modern society. First, there are physical processes which simply refine the crude oil (without altering its molecular structure) into useful products such as lubricating oil or fuel oil. Second, there are chemical or other processes which alter the molecular structure and produce a wide range of products, some of them known by the general term

bounce

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